Observe your nails to detect health issues

Your nails can offer important clues about your overall health. Experts say that changes in their color, shape, or texture can sometimes signal hidden medical conditions that need attention. Here are three key things to observe.

1. Watch the Color
Dermatologist Dr. Zainab Laftah explains that abnormal nail colors—such as white, yellow, blue, or black—may indicate serious issues. Pale or white nails can point to anemia, heart, or kidney disease, while yellow nails may suggest thyroid problems, lung disease, or fungal infections. Blue nails can mean low oxygen levels, possibly due to heart or lung disorders.

2. Dark or Black Nails
Dark streaks or spots under the nail may be a warning sign of skin cancer (subungual melanoma). Dr. Laftah stresses the importance of seeing a doctor immediately if this occurs. Black nails might also result from trauma or fungal infection but can sometimes indicate heart disease or melanoma.

3. Red or Discolored Nails
Red nails could be linked to heart or kidney issues, psoriasis, or lupus. Any long-lasting or unexplained color change should be checked by a medical professional.

4. Note the Shape
Spoon-shaped nails that curve upward may signal iron-deficiency anemia or cardiovascular problems. Clubbed nails—when fingertips swell and nail beds round—can indicate heart, lung, or digestive diseases.

5. Assess the Texture
Healthy nails should be smooth and firm. Brittle or breaking nails often relate to hypothyroidism or nutrient deficiencies.

6. Look for Pitting or Ridges
Pitted nails may occur in psoriasis, while ridges and fragility can signal low vitamin or mineral levels.

7. Take Action Early
If you notice persistent color, shape, or texture changes, consult a healthcare provider promptly. Early detection can lead to faster treatment and better outcomes.