Researchers explore possible connection between a widely used drug and dementia risk

Dementia occurs when brain cells are damaged and lose their ability to communicate, ultimately causing the brain to shrink. Risk factors include genetics, aging, health conditions, and lifestyle influences.

Gabapentin, approved for seizures and nerve pain, is also widely prescribed off-label for issues like fibromyalgia, insomnia, anxiety, and sciatica. Though often seen as less addictive than alternatives, it can cause side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, memory issues, and speech difficulties.

A new study in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine examined whether gabapentin increases dementia risk. Using data from over 26,000 adults in the TriNetX health network, researchers compared those who received gabapentin with those who did not.

Results showed that patients with six or more prescriptions had a 29% higher chance of developing dementia and an 85% greater likelihood of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The most dramatic effect appeared in adults aged 35–49, where dementia risk doubled and MCI risk tripled.

Lead author Nafis B. Eghrari emphasized that the findings reveal an association, not proof of causation. Past studies on gabapentin’s cognitive impact have been inconsistent, highlighting the need for more investigation.

Experts noted limitations, including unmeasured factors like other medications, exercise, or existing health problems. The research also didn’t analyze treatment duration or dosage, leaving uncertainty about long-term risks.

Specialists advise caution, recommending doctors closely monitor cognition in gabapentin users and encourage patients to report memory concerns. Future studies aim to clarify whether gabapentin directly contributes to brain decline.